Compare and Contrast Nurse Practitioners and Clinical Nurse Essay

Compare and Contrast Nurse Practitioners and Clinical Nurse Specialists - Essay Example They can specialize with regard to the situation and setting where they want to work that is whether in the emergency room or in acute care settings. They may also be specialized with regard to a particular pathology like cancer or some other disease. Other fields that they can choose include the type of health care which may be mental health or associated with psychotherapy. On the other hand a Nurse Practitioner is another field of nursing in which the nurses are assigned to work in different specialized settings. The main aim of the nurse practitioner is to provide the most basic healthcare to the patients. They can also opt for specializing in particular fields which include family health, health of the elderly or pediatric health. Psychiatric health is another optional field of specialization that is common to both the nurse practitioner and the clinical nurse specialist. The clinical nurse specialist and the nurse practitioners work in different health care organizations. The c linical nurse specialists are more associated with the hospitals as well as the community healthcare centers. They may also work in teaching institutions as well as in the offices. They can also be found in the psychiatric health care centers. The nurse practitioners are basically assigned to work with particular doctors and physicians. They may be found mainly in clinics and for outpatient health care departments for the patients. But they may also be found in hospitals. The Clinical Nurse Specialist and the Nurse Practitioner both acquire these positions after doing their masters degree plan. An interesting difference between the two of these fields is that a nurse practitioner is allowed to write out prescriptions whereas a clinical nurse specialist is not allowed to do so. If he wishes to prescribe than he must obtain a special permission for this purpose. Another major difference seen is that nurse practitioners are mainly seen to be working with physicians and doctors and they also need to have certificates from these physicians which specify the amount of authority that they have with regard to the healthcare services that they can provide. On the other hand, Clinical nurse specialists are mainly seen in organizations like hospitals and they have the work of supervising the nurses and assisting them in providing the best possible care to the patients. Also the Nurse Practitioner has a greater interaction and communication directly with the patients as they are a part of the outpatient departments and are involved more in basic health care facilities for the patients. On the other hand the Clinical Nurse Specialist works more in a hospital environment and has a lower interaction with individual patients. Clinical Nurse Specialists are also a part of associations and groups of nurses where they work together on joint programs and in collaboration with other nurses. They are also actively involved in teaching, in providing clinical advice, dealing with pat ients and are part of researches. Thus they have an all round goal of working in an effective manner to improve the healthcare facilities and provide quality care for the patients. The aim of the Nurse Practit

Political Philosophy and Brief Critical Evaluation Essay Example for Free

Political Philosophy and Brief Critical Evaluation Essay Sample essay questions? 1. Describe Platos scheme for communism in the Republic. (Discuss each of the main features of this life-style. ) Which classes, according to Plato, should practice this way of living? What justification does Plato offer for advocating communism? Offer a brief critical evaluation of Platos communism. PHL 107 | study guide for exam 2 | page 4 2. (1) Briefly describe Platos allegory of the cave. (2) Then state how the allegory expresses Platos position on (a) the place of the Philosopher-Kings in Platos utopia, (b) Platos distinction between opinion and genuine knowledge (wisdom), and (c) Platos position on the motives of the Philosopher-Kings for ruling. 3. (1) What is Platos dualistic metaphysics? (2) How is this metaphysics expressed in the allegory of the cave? (3) How is it related to his position on the nature of the human person? 4. (1) What is Platos assessment of democracy, and (2) how is this linked to his theory of justice? (3) How might a contemporary defender of democracy respond to Plato? 5. What is the mimetic theory of art? Did Plato invent this theory? Did he accept it? How is this theory related to Plato’s criticisms of the arts? 6. (1) What two reasons does Plato give for proposing to banish the arts from his Republic? (2) How is his position on the arts related (a) to his Theory of Ideas and (b) his position on the highest goal of human living? (3) Offer a brief critical evaluation of Platos position on the arts. 7. (1) What does Rawls mean by the original position . . . under the veil of ignorance and how does this serve as the basis for his theory of justice? (2) What are his two principles of justice? Explain the two principles.? (3) Offer a brief critical evaluation of his theory of justice. 8. (1) Starting with Rawls’ â€Å"original position . . . under the veil of ignorance,† do you think you would arrive at a principle or principles of justice similar to those of Rawls, or if different ones, which? Defend your position. (2) As part of your answer give a clear statement of what Rawls means by the â€Å"original position . . . under the veil of ignorance. † 9. (1) What is Aquinas’s causal argument for the existence of God (the 2nd of his five arguments)? Sketch the argument. (2) Critically evaluate the argument. What appears to be the weakest part of the argument? Do you think the argument can be defended in the face of this proposed weakness? Explain. 10. (1) What is the design argument for the existence of God? You may present either Aquinass (his 5th) or William Paleys or the fine-tuning version of the argument (but only one). (2) Why does Darwins theory of evolution appear to undermine Aquinas and Paley’s version of the design argument? Why does Darwin’s theory not affect the fine-tuning argument? (3) Do you think that there is some way of salvaging the design argument in the face of Darwins theory? Defend your position. 11. Describe Hobbes’ â€Å"state of nature. † What kind of a concept is this — historical, empirical, anthropological, analytic? Explain. Offer your own critical evaluation of Hobbes’ notion of the state of nature? Do you think it is a useful concept? Is it true? Defend your position. 12. Hobbes argues that each person has the resources within themselves to overcome the state of nature.? (1) What are these resources and how do they help the person to overcome the state of nature? (2) But why, for Hobbes, are these internal resources insufficient? Why is a very strong sovereign also needed to overcome the state of nature? (3) What role does contract or covenant play in overcoming the state of nature?

Dick Diver as Control Freak in Fitzgeralds Tender is the Night Essays :: Tender is the Night Essays

Dick Diver as Control Freak in Tender Is the Night       In Fitzgerald's Tender is the Night, Dick Diver is assigned the role of doctor, but he does not play this role convincingly. In modern technical terms, Diver is a control freak, more dysfunctional than his star patient and wife, Nicole Diver. As Diver loses control of more and more situations and begins to assume Nicole's instabilities, his integrity lessens -- he becomes more of a drunkard and less of a psychiatrist.    Diver's profession as a psychiatrist is the first signal Fitzgerald gives the reader that Diver's character thrives on understanding and conquering the human mind. Diver has only one plan: "To be a good psychologist -- maybe to be the greatest one that ever lived" (Fitzgerald, Tender, 132). This goal represents Diver's interest in overpowering others initially through medical practice and his understanding that he has the capacity to do so. Rooted in Diver's past, the desire to control portrays itself later in Diver's relationships and calculated behaviors.    Fitzgerald highlights Diver's incessant need to control people when describing the Divers' notorious parties. Diver wants "to give a really bad party ... a party where there's a brawl and seductions and people going about home with their feelings hurt and women passed out in the cabinet de toilette" (27). To achieve this goal, Diver has perfected the skill of manipulating his guests, so that "he won everyone quickly with an exquisite consideration and a politeness that moved so fast and intuitively that it could be examined only in its effect (27-28). Diver believes he has the power to dictate the behavior of his guests and the outcome of his parties. Playing with people has become a hobby of Diver's, as he must be in control of his guests and the evening at all times.    Diver's controlling nature presents itself not only at his parties, but also in his relations with Nicole Diver. While Diver does love his wife, he nonetheless "handles" her, always treating her like a patient over whom he has power. During their courtship, the letters Diver sends to Nicole Diver say mostly, "be a good girl and mind the doctors" (130). These were not traditional love letters, rather letters between an adoring patient and her doctor. Diver retained his superior status as doctor who had control over her while corresponding with her, as his letters contained commands for her behavior -- he knew she would follow his directions.

Living in Global Cities

Living in a global city does not expose people to diverse cultures that enable them to develop well-rounded personalities and multicultural outlooks, but it is also vital into developing a â€Å"global† perspective within them. [WXwS1]  Upon entrance of the 1990s, the notion of `global city' was first brought into play by Saskia Sassen. In her first book on this subject, The Global City (1991), she analyzed New York, London and Tokyo as examples of cities which in the two last decades advanced to the status of global cities. Later, she includes other cities in this category like Miami, Toronto and Sydney, as pointed out in her subsequent book, Cities in a World Economy (1994). Under certain circumstances, Sassen suggested that Hong Kong, Los Angeles, Zurich, Frankfurt, Mexico City and Sao Paulo may also be included in the category of global cities, because they fulfill the prerequisites for certain transnational economic transactions. For a better understanding of Sassen's ideas, she defined global cities as â€Å"key sites for the advanced services and telecommunications facilities necessary for the implementation and management of global economic operations. They also tend to concentrate the headquarters of firms, especially firms that operate in more than one country† (1994, p.19). When the global cities sprouted, new inequalities among these cities became at focus. Nations and their importance within traditional commercial and economic webs lost their privileged positions. The importance of national states started to shrink and certain â€Å"global cities† became more important in the globalized landscape than whole nations. A new combination of spatial dispersal and global integration created new strategic roles for major cities like New York, London and Tokyo: Beyond their long history as centers of international trade and banking, these cities now function in four new ways: first, as highly concentrated command points in the organization of the world economy; second, as key locations for finance and for specialized service firms, which have replaced manufacturing as the leading economic sectors; third, as sites of production, including the production of innovations, in these leading industries; and fourth, as markets for the products and innovations produced (1991, p. 3-4). As Manuel Castells proclaimed, â€Å"Global cities are the new pillars of the informational era† (1996, p. 9). These cities provide the full infrastructure needed by the world economy for the realization of international transactions. This includes good airports, hotels, telecommunications, media, Internet, banking, security, stock exchange, and so on. The global cities have a significant number of qualified and efficient people able to supply and produce all necessary services. They are marketplaces able to absorb and recycle all financial flows and transactions. That is why it is important to remember that this hierarchy may change very fast under constantly changing economic conditions. These are the challenges of living in a global city where change is usually fast and people living it could develop that quick sense of adaptation to changes. [WXwS2] Moreover, global cities also enable people to have an increase in accessibility of areas for socialization.[WXwS3]   Business is booming and the areas outside of a city are affected by it. As the distance away from a community increases, its influence on the surrounding countryside decreases. Many residents will feel that they are able to have the best of both worlds, to be centrally placed yet able to get away to their second home. In global cities, people are provided with parks and lots of things to do. Although it is undeniable that living in global cities are expensive, but the price people pay will be diminished by the accessibility to virtually everything that modern people should have. The redistribution of population caused by suburbanization resulted to spatial and political segregation of social groups of the global cities. The upwardly mobile resident of the city— younger, wealthier, and better educated—took advantage of the automobile and the freeway to leave the central city. The poorer, older, least-advantaged urbanites were left behind. The central cities and the suburbs became increasingly differentiated. Large areas within those cities now contain only the poor and minority groups (including women), a population little able to pay the rising costs of the social services that their numbers, neighborhoods, and condition require. The corporate complex and the immigrant community today are probably two extreme modes in the formation and appropriation of urban space. The urban form represented by the global city function — the internationalized corporate services complex and the highly paid professional work force with its high-priced lifestyle — is the one habitually thought to constitute the essence of an advanced post-industrial economy. The urban form represented by the immigrant community, or more specifically, the informal economy, is habitually seen as not belonging to an advanced economy, one to be found here only because it has been imported via immigration (Sassen, 1993). This phenomenon has increasingly segregated the poor and minorities, being trapped in global cities, without the possibility of nearby employment and are isolated by distance, immobility, and unawareness from the few remaining low-skill jobs, which are now largely in the suburbs. Indeed, it is undeniable that there are huge problems when people choose to live in a global city like New York or San Francisco. However, people should also take part in the macro-structural changes in global economy. The transformation of the industrial into the informational society and the changing emphasis on information rather than material production have produced profound structural changes affecting the organization of societies, their labor force strategies, and the power structures of the state. As we are all aware that globalization is a vital concept in our time, living in a global city will eventually expose people to a global culture that is essential to widening knowledge in helping our nation achieve its economic goals. References Castells, M. (1996). The Rise of Network Society, Oxford: Blackwell. Sassen, S. (1991). The Global City. New York, London, Tokyo. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Sassen, S. (1993). Rebuilding the Global City: Economy, Ethnicity and Space. Social Justice, 20(3-4), 32+. Sassen, S. 1994. Cities in a World Economy. Thousand Oaks, CA, London and New Delhi: Sage. [WXwS1]MAJOR PREMISE [WXwS2]FALLACY OF RELEVANCE [WXwS3]MINOR PREMISE

Advantages of Communication in Today’s Life

Ted Childs, IBM’s vice president of global workforce diversity, knows from years of experience that communicating successfully across cultures is no simple task, however—particularly in a company that employs more than 325,000 people and sells to customers in roughly 175 countries around the world. Language alone presents a formidable barrier to communication when you consider that IBM’s workforce speaks more than 165 languages, but language is just one of many elements that play a role in communication between cultures.Differences in age, ethnic background, gender, sexual orientation, physical ability, and economic status can all affect the communication process. Childs recognizes that these differences represent both a challenge and an oopportunity, and a key part of his job is helping IBM executives and employees work together in a way that transforms their cultural differences into a critical business strength. As he Ted Childs oversees IBM’s efforts t o build competitive advantage by capitalizing on the benefits of a diverse workforce. 64WORLD IBM’s experience (profiled in the chapter-opening Communication Close-Up) illustrates both the challenges and the opportunities for business professionals who know how to communicate with diverse audiences. Although the concept is often framed in terms of ethnic background, a broader and more useful definition of diversity â€Å"includes all the characteristics and experiences that define each of us as individuals. †2 As you’ll learn in this chapter, these characteristics and experiences can have a profound effect on the way businesspeople communicate.To a large degree, these effects on communication are the result of fundamental differences between cultures. Intercultural communication is the process of sending and receiving messages between people whose cultural background could lead them to interpret verbal and nonverbal signs differently. Every attempt to send and r eceive messages is influenced by culture, so to communicate successfully, you’ll need a basic grasp of the cultural differences you may encounter and how you should handle them.Your efforts to recognize and surmount cultural differences will open up business opportunities tthroughout the world and maximize the contribution of all the employees in a diverse workforce. The Opportunities in a Global Marketplace You will communicate with people from other cultures tthroughout your career. You might be a business manager looking for new customers or new sources of labor. Or you might be an employee looking for new work opportunities. Either way, chances are good that you’ll be looking across international borders sometime in your career.Thousands of U. S. businesses depend on exports for significant portions of their revenues. Every year, these companies export roughly $700 billion in materials and merchandise, along with billions more in personal and professional services. If you work in one of these companies, you may well be called on to visit or at least communicate with a wide vvariety of people who speak languages other than English and who live in cultures quite different from what you’re used to (see Figure 3. 1).Of the top ten export markets for U. S. products, only three (Canada, Great Britain, and Singapore) speak English as an official language, and two of those three (Canada and Singapore) have more than one official language. 3 In the global marketplace, most natural boundaries and national borders are no longer the impassable barriers they once were. Domestic markets are opening to worldwide competition as businesses of all sizes look for new growth opportunities outside their own countries.For example, automotive giant Ford markets to customers in some 130 countries, providing websites that offer local information, usually in the local language. 4 The diversity of today’s workforce brings distinct advantages to businesses : †¢ A broader range of views and ideas †¢ A better understanding of diverse, fragmented markets †¢ A broader pool of talent from which to recruit The Advantages of a Diverse Workforce Even if you never visit another country or transact business on a global scale, you will interact with colleagues from a vvariety of cultures with a wide range of characteristics and life experiences.Over the past few decades, many innovative companies have changed the way they approach diversity, from seeing it as a legal requirement to provide equal opportunities to seeing it as a strategic oopportunity to connect with customers and take advantage of the broadest possible pool of talent. 5 Smart business leaders such as IBM’s Ted CHAPTER 3 Communicating in a World of Diversity 65 FIGURE 3. 1 Languages of the World This map illustrates the incredible array of languages used around the world.Each dot represents the geographic center of the more than 6,900 languages tracked by the linguistic research firm SIL International. Even if all of your business communication takes place in English, you will interact with audiences who speak a vvariety of other native languages. Childs recognize the competitive advantages of a diverse workforce that offers a broader spectrum of viewpoints and ideas, helps companies understand and identify with diverse markets, and enables companies to benefit from a wider range of employee talents.As Renee Wingo of Virgin Mobile USA, a cell phone operator based in Warren, New Jersey, puts it, â€Å"You’re not going to create any magic as a manager unless you bring together people with diverse perspectives who aren’t miniversions of you. †6 Diversity is simply a fact of life for all companies. The United States has been a nation of immigrants from the beginning, and that trend continues today. The Western and Northern Europearns who made up the bulk of immigrants during the nation’s early years now share spa ce with people from across Asia, Africa, Eastern Europe, and other parts of the world.By 2010 recent immigrants will account for half of all new U. S. workers. 7 Even the term minority, as it applies to nonwhite residents, makes less and less sense every year: In two states (California and New Mexico) and several dozen large Communication among people of diverse cultural backgrounds cities, Caucasian Americans no longer constitute a clear ma- and life experiences is not always easy, but doing it successfully jority. 8 Nor is this pattern of immigration unique to the United can create tremendous strategic advantages.States: Workers from Africa, Asia, and the Middle East are moving to Europe in search of new opportunities, while workers from India, the Philippines, and Southeast Asia contribute to the employment base of the Middle East. 9 However, you and your colleagues don’t need to be recent immigrants to constitute a diverse workforce. Differences in everything from age and gender to religion and ethnic heritage to geography and military experience enrich the workplace. Both immigration and workforce diversity create advantages—and challenges—for business communicators tthroughout the world. 6 PART 1 Understanding the Foundations of Business Communication The Challenges of Intercultural Communication A company’s cultural diversity affects how its business messages are conceived, composed, delivered, received, and interpreted. Culture influences everything about communication, including †¢ Language †¢ Nonverbal signals †¢ Word meaning †¢ Time and space issues †¢ Rules of human relationships Diversity affects how business messages are conceived, planned, sent, received, and interpreted in the workplace.Today’s increasingly diverse workforce encompasses a wide range of skills, traditions, backgrounds, experiences, outlooks, and attitudes toward work—all of which can affect employee behavior on t he job. Supervisors face the challenge of communicating with these diverse employees, motivating them, and fostering cooperation and harmony among them. Teams face the challenge of working together closely, and companies are challenged to coexist peacefully with business partners and with the community as a whole. The interaction of culture and communication is so pervasive that separating the two is virtually impossible.The way you communicate—from the language you speak and the nonverbal signals you send to the way you perceive other people—is influenced by the culture in which you were raised. The meaning of words, the significance of gestures, the importance of time and space, the rules of human relationships—these and many other aspects of communication are defined by culture. To a large degree, your culture influences the way you think, which naturally affects the way you communicate as both a sender and a receiver. 0 So you can see how intercultural commu nication is much more complicated than simply matching language between sender and receiver. It goes beyond mere words to beliefs, values, and emotions. Tthroughout this chapter, you’ll see numerous examples of how communication styles and habits vary from one culture to another. These examples are intended to illustrate the major themes of intercultural communication, not to give an exhaustive list of styles and habits of any particular culture.

Essay about Japanese Culture

Essay about Japanese Culture Essay about Japanese Culture Japanese Culture Compared with European and American businessmen, Japanese businessmen pay more attention to establishing interpersonal relationships. In negotiations, Japanese believe that if one is going to carry out in cooperation with Japanese between friends, mutual trust is very important. The Japanese do not like to bargaining, with particular emphasis on whether they can trust each other to establish relations with foreign partners. If one can successfully establish a relationship of mutual trust, one will conclude and sign the deal pretty efficiently. Once this relationship established, these two sides work to maintain a long-term relationship. If foreign investors have never made contact with Japanese, they must first get trust before they negotiate. Therefore, trust is an important medium for a successful cooperation when with Japanese. Hofstede's framework Power distance: Japanese people are known to be told what is expected of them. They feel that the decisions of their employers are correct because of the power an individual encompasses. Power players prefer their subordinates to avoid eye contact with them. Japanese citizens view role and status hierarchy. Children are expected to respect parents. The United States is relatively small power distance country, American employees tend not to accept administrative privileges, generally the superiors and subordinates are the same. So in America, employees and managers are quite equal. Relationships are more harmonious, employees are more adept in learning, improving themselves, and achieving personal values. In India, employees expect to be directed clearly as to their functions and what is expected of them. Communication is top down and directive in its style, and often negative feedback is never offered up the ladder. Individualism vs collectivism: Japanese are collectivist, however there is less individualism present in their private life. They prefer to live by themselves rather than share a flat or apartment with a friend. Americans are more individualistic, it does not mean that all Americans are individualists, rather, it means that Americans are more likely to think and act in individual ways than people in collectivistic cultures are. But India is a society with both collectivistic and individualistic traits. â€Å"The collectivist side means that there is a high preference for belonging to a larger social framework in which individuals are expected to act in accordance to the greater good of one’s defined in-group(s).†(Hofstede Center) Masculinity vs femininity Japan has the highest masculine society. Men are considered dominant and tough, while women emotional. The Japanese’s masculinity index proves to the rest of the world that even though they are a small country with these traits, they have very efficient productivity. This is due to the strict rules of the business culture to achieve their goals and make their mark in the business world. America can be explained by the combination of a high Masculinity drive. Together with the most individualistic drive in the world. And India is actually very masculine in terms of visual display of success and power. Uncertainty avoidance index: Japanese seeks for harmony. It is a peaceful orientation which emphasizes the tendency to avoid ambiguity. Their decision making is direct with simple solutions. They are detail oriented which is another example of uncertainty avoidance. There social rules and rituals are designated in the appropriate behavior for particular situations so that there is rarely ambiguity about how to proceed. Long term orientation: Japan has high long term orientation. This means that they believe that family is the basis of society and must be respected. They have strong work ethic and believe

Turn Your Blogs Passive Readers Into Brand Advocates

Turn Your Blogs Passive Readers Into Brand Advocates I started blogging in 1999 before the word blog existed. Back then it was more like an online journal. I was a pimply high school student at the time and would write a few paragraphs about random geeky topics every day. But I gave up after a few months when nobody seemed to care. A few weeks later, some friends asked me why I hadnt posted in a while. My chin fell to the floor. It wasnt that they didnt care. They just were passive readers. They enjoyed what I wrote, but they just didnt do anything to show it. How To Easily Turn Passive Readers Into Genuine Brand Advocates via @ckeckYou might remember the 80/20 rule (80% of revenue comes from 20% of customers, etc.), so you might think that 80% of word-of-mouth for your blog comes from 20% of your readers. But that is not true when you are starting out. If you have 20% of your readers as active promoters- brand advocates, if you will- you are doing an amazing job. When you start blogging, you will likely only have 2 brand advocates... your mom and best friend.  Plus a few close customers, if you’re lucky. This can be incredibly frustrating because you spend countless hours writing endless blog posts. You know that content marketing is supposed to: Drive sales Generate leads Encourage conversions But instead, it feels like all it does is waste your time. If you're not getting the results you want from your blog readers, it might not be apathy that you are fighting. You might just need to engage with your audience in a slightly different way. There are some activities that popular bloggers all seem to do that are generally written off by beginner bloggers because they don't understand why they do them. I call these activities "The 5 Laws For Turning Passive Readers Into Brand Advocates", and here's how you can  make these work for your blog: Law #1: Use Surveys To Find Your Readers' Deepest Desires There are 5 major reasons people will share your content on social networks: entertainment, defining themselves, relationships, self-fulfillment,  and  supporting a cause. So how do you write content that helps people achieve their goals and define themselves to others? Many bloggers write from their gut instincts, this is a big rookie mistake. It is much more effective to just ask your readers about their own desires, hopes, and dreams. The biggest bloggers like Tim Ferriss do this on a regular basis. If you have a small mailing list and are just getting started, you might not get a lot of feedback if you ask people directly to tell you their hopes and dreams. In fact, asking people up front like that is generally ineffective (unless you have a big following) because people don’t often reply honestly with personal details like that to mass emails. But there’s a trick you can use to get high quality, actionable feedback even from a small mailing list: use the Net Promoter System. It’s a highly effective way to get 8–10 times more actionable data than traditional surveying methods. Asking about hopes and dreams can be effective in engaging your audience. You simply ask: How likely is it that you would recommend my brand/product/service to a friend or colleague? (Answers are based on a 0–10 scale). That's it. Because it is so quick, easy and painless to respond to such a simple survey, you will find much higher response rates. After they give you their number, you ask an open-ended question: What's the most important reason for your score? Although you will get interesting answers here, the single biggest trick for turning passive readers into active promoters and brand advocates is in responding personally to every survey whether they give you positive or negative feedback. If they give you a 9 or a 10 (very likely to promote), it’s the best case scenario. All you need to do is follow-up with a personalized email with a suggestion for how they could promote you to their friends (leave a review, tweet a message, etc.). Often people are willing to promote, but just need a nudge in the right direction for how to promote you. If they give you a 1 or a 2 (very unlikely to promote), don’t fret. This is a great opportunity to learn more. Follow-up with a personal email thanking them for their time and asking what their biggest problem is so you can write more about it in the future. That way you get ideas for new things you can write about that you had not considered yet. Action Items: Start a mailing list for your blog at MailChimp or something similar. Send an NPS survey with a system like Promoter.io or something similar. Follow-up with all survey responders using the NPS Follow-Up Cheat Sheet templates. Law #2: Create Conflict And Drama A fair amount  of  blog posts are dry and boring. The most common advice to spice things up is by adding facts and data, but sometimes that will just make a post more boring. The trick to draw people in is to create conflict and add drama by telling stories. For example, popular blogger Neil Patel tells the story of how he learned new marketing ideas from scantily clad women: 10 Marketing Techniques That I Learned From Instagram Models. People share controversial, provocative, and dramatic opinions like wildfire. Give them  something to talk about. Controversial opinions are shared like wildfire. Give people something to talk about.You don’t need to be as provocative as Neil to achieve a similar result. One simple and reliable formula you can use to draw in your own readers is to open every blog post with a personal story about a problem you faced and how you overcame it or what it taught you. For an example, take a look at the beginning of this post. Action Items: Make a list of at least 20 hopes, dreams, fears, and frustrations of your readers collected from the action item in Law #1. Think of 20 personal anecdotes or stories where you or a friend had similar dreams or frustrations for each one, and how you achieved the goal or overcame the frustration. Review previous blog posts to see if you can optimize them  with stories. Law #3: Train Your Readers To Be More Active Did you know subliminal messages are a myth? There is no scientific evidence that they work. That’s why the pre-show movie overtly shows you pictures of popcorn and coke. Because explicit messaging does work. So if you want people to share your content, you must ask them to. If you want people to join your mailing list, you must ask them explicitly. Ask: It's how to turn passive readers into subscribers.One of the most effective ways to engage your audience is by giving them an incentive to promote you. Virtual or physical giveaways  are always a great way to make this happen. A pro tip is that it’s usually better to give away 10 items one at a time than one giveaway with 10 items. For example, you will usually get the same number of people to enter the contest every time (and thus promote the contest). 10 times the prizes will not get you 10 times as many contestants. Action Items: Make a list of 20 things you could give away: paper books, e-books, audiobooks, interviews, checklists, cheat sheets. Make sure they are hyper-relevant to your audience’s hopes and desires. Use LeadPages or similar software to have the giveaways lead directly to new email list subscribers. Get the KingSumo Giveaways WordPress plugin to run your own contests quickly and easily. Tweets and Facebook messages give people better chances to win. Personality quizzes are a great way to activate your passive readers. WordPress plugins like WordPress Viral Quiz make them easily to build. Add them to your blog and watch them convert like crazy. Law #4: Create More Personal Relationships You are more likely to actively engage with friends than acquaintances, so how do you make your audience feel like they are your friend? One way to create personal relationships is by telling personal stories (from Law #2), but there are more techniques for creating intimacy with your reader. For example, if I am talking to you as friends would, I would never say: â€Å"People should share the content if they like it† if what I really meant to say was â€Å"You should share my post if you like it.† It goes against what you learned in high school, but when blogging, use personal pronouns (like â€Å"I† and â€Å"You†) instead of impersonal pronouns (like â€Å"people should do this and that†). Get personal with your #blog to build relationships with your readers.Another great method is to combine this with Laws #1 and #2. Engage with people through your surveys to find out their personal stories (like â€Å"please tell me your story†, not â€Å"send me stories†), and then ask permission to share their stories on your blog. Most people will gladly say yes, and then you can share your own point of view through your customers' stories (and even in their own words). Personal pronouns combined with great storytelling bonds people together and creates relationships. This should be a top goal for your blog if you want to create active subscribers and brand advocates. Action Items: Review your 3 most popular blog posts for impersonal pronouns (he, she, they, people, them, one) and see if you can replace them with more personal ones (I, you). This will give you a sense for how vigilant you will need to be in the future. Call or email your 5 best customers, and tell them you just wanted to make sure they were happy. Then ask them to tell you about the last big challenge they had and how they overcame it. LISTEN. Don’t interrupt. Write notes. Carefully read some of the popular blogs in your space and see what they do to draw people in. Do they use personal pronouns? Use QuickSprout to research their most popular posts and figure out how  you can replicate that success. Recommended Reading: 25 Growth Hacks Your Content Marketing Desperatly Need Law #5: Tell Your Audience What To Do The end of your posts will make or break how active your readers are. If you end with something typical like: â€Å"In conclusion, do X to get Y,† then your reader will happily close their tab and move on. But if you end with a call to action, then if they liked the post, they will know exactly what to do next. A simple and effective way to do this is with a postscript. Postscripts tend to catch people’s eye and are very hard to ignore. If you want people to share a post, you could write a post-script as simple as this one: P.S. If you know someone who makes this mistake, I'd love it if you shared  this post with them. Thank you! It’s a non-invasive way to increase the virality of your posts. You can even auto-include it on all your WordPress posts if you use a plugin like Bottom of Every Post. If you use the SumoMe WordPress plugin, you can keep track for free of what percent of readers get to the end of your posts. On average, we find that half of our readers will read the whole post. By the time they get there, they will be ready to take an action. You just need to point them in the right direction. Action Items: Think of 1 thing that has inspired you recently that wasn’t related to work, but tied into work (like Neil Patel’s 10 Marketing Techniques That I Learned From Instagram Models) and make it into a new blog post full of story and personal pronouns. End it with a P.S. that asks readers to share the post and see what happens. Combine postscripts with the giveaways created in Law #3 to make irresistible actions for your readers to take. Think of ways to make more content out of your most popular posts. For example, you could create slides and post them to SlideShare or record yourself dictating the post and make a podcast out of it. Then the action your readers can take is directly related to the content they just read. Turning passive readers into active promoters and brand advocates  isn’t hard, sometimes it just takes a few tweaks to make a big difference. Try some of these techniques and see what works for you. If you discover other techniques, please come back to this post and leave a comment to help others just like you.

How to Calculate Commissions Using Percents

How to Calculate Commissions Using Percents Percent  means per 100 or of each hundred. In other words, a percent is a value divided by 100 or a  ratio  out of 100. There are many real-life uses for finding the percentage. Real estate agents, car dealers, and pharmaceutical sales representatives earn commissions that are a percentage, or part, of sales. For example, a real estate agent might earn a portion of the selling price of a house that she helps a client purchase or sell. A car salesperson earns a portion of the selling price of an automobile that she sells. Working real-life percentage problems can help you better understand the process. Calculating Commissions Noel, a real estate agent, aims to earn at least $150,000 this year. She earns a 3 percent commission on every house she sells. Whats the total dollar amount of houses that she must sell to reach her goal? Start the problem by defining what you know and what you seek to determine: Noel will earn $3 per $100 in sales.She will earn $150,000 per (what dollar amount)  in sales? Express the problem as follows, where s stands for total sales: 3/100 $150,000/s ​ To solve the problem, cross multiply. First, write the fractions vertically. Take the first fractions numerator (top number) and multiply it by the second fractions denominator (bottom number). Then take the second fractions numerator and multiply it by the first fractions denominator, as follows: 3 x s   $150,000 x 1003 x s $15,000,000 Divide both sides of the equation by 3 to solve for s: 3s/3 $15,000,000/3s $5,000,000 So, to make $150,000 in annual commission, Noel would have to sell houses that total $5 million. Leasing Apartments Ericka, another real estate agent, specializes in leasing apartments. Her commission is 150 percent of her clients monthly rent. Last week, she earned $850 in commission for an apartment that she helped her client to lease. How much is the monthly rent? Start by defining what you know and what you seek to determine: $150 per $100 of the monthly rent is paid to Ericka as a commission.$850 per (what amount) of the monthly rent is paid to Ericka as a commission? Express the problem as follows, where r stands for the monthly rent: 150/100 $850/r Now cross multiply: $150 x r $850 x 100$150r $85,000 Divide both sides of the equation by 150 to solve for r: 150r/150 85,000/150r $566.67 So, the monthly rent (for Jessica to earn $850 in commission) is $556.67. Art Dealer Pierre, an art dealer, earns 25 percent commission of the dollar value of art he sells. Pierre earned  $10,800 this month. What was the total dollar value of the art that he sold?   Start by defining what you know and what you seek to determine: $25 per $100 of Pierres art sales is paid to him as commission.$10,800 per (what dollar amount) of Pierres art sales is paid to him as commission? Write the problem as follows, where s stands for sales: 25/100 $10,800/s First, cross multiply: 25 x s $10,800 x 10025s   $1,080,000 Divide both sides of the equation by 25 to solve for s: 25s/25 $1,080,000/25s $43,200 Thus, the  total dollar value of the art that Pierre sold is $43,200. Car Salesperson Alexandria, a salesperson at a car dealership, earns 40 percent commission of her luxury vehicle  sales. Last year, her commission was $480,000. What was the total dollar amount of her sales last year?  Define what you know and what you seek to determine: $40 per $100 of the car sales is paid to Ericka as a commission.$480,000 per (what dollar amount) of the car sales is paid to Ericka as a commission? Write the problem as follows, where s stands for car  sales: 40/100 $480,000/s Next, cross multiply: 40 x​ s $480,000 x 10040s $48,000,000 Divide both sides of the equation by 40 to solve for s. 40s/40 $48,000,000/40s $1,200,000 So, the total dollar amount of Alexandrias car sales last year was  $1.2 million. Agent to Entertainers Henry is an agent for entertainers. He earns 10 percent of his clients’ salaries. If he made $72,000 last year, how much did his clients make in all?   Define what you know, and what you seek to determine: $10 per $100 of the entertainers salaries is paid to Henry as a commission.$72,000 per (what dollar amount) of the entertainers salaries is paid to Henry as a commission? Write the problem as follows, where s stands for salaries: 10/100 $72,000/s Then, cross multiply: 10 x s $72,000 x 10010s $7,200,000 Divide both sides of the equation by 10 to solve for s: 10s/10 $7,200,000/10s $720,000 In total, Henrys clients made  $720,000 last year. Pharmaceutical Sales Rep Alejandro, a pharmaceutical sales representative, sells statins for a drugmaker. He earns a 12 percent commission of the total sales of the statins he sells to hospitals. If he earned $60,000 in commissions, what was  the total dollar value of the drugs that he sold?   Define what you know and what you seek to determine: $12 per $100 of the value of the drugs is paid to Alejandro as a commission.$60,000 per (what dollar value) of the drugs is paid to Alejandro as a commission? Write the problem as follows, where d stands for dollar value: 12/100 $60,000/d Then, cross multiply: 12 x d   $60,000 x 10012d $6,000,000 Divide both sides of the equation by 12 to solve for d: 12d/12 $6,000,000/12d $500,000 The total dollar value of the drugs that Alejandro sold was  $500,000.

American History (the Old America and the New America) Essay

American History (the Old America and the New America) - Essay Example Author Gene Smiley (2008) writes that "despite the 1920-1921 depression and the minor interruptions in 1924 and 1927, the American economy exhibited impressive economic growth during the 1920s. The same can be said for the periods from 1992-2000, where the American economy grew only to worsen in the years after. Economic commentators in both era's have suggested that the 'seeds' to both the depression in the 1930's and the current recession in 2008 were sown in the boom periods preceding them. According to Smiley (2008), the 1920's America economic growth was very impressive. Many in the population owned cars, new household appliances, and homes. Innovations and inventions were in high rates and drove growth. Manufacturing was increasing leading to the growing rise in the productivity of labor and capital. New innovations and products created new markets and services. Company stocks experienced a boom in the markets. For example RCA, one of the 'high end' stocks of the era, experienced an appreciation in its value even though it paid no dividends: expectations were that high. Again similar to 'Old America', the period of the Internet boom of the late 1990s, led to a rapid expansion in the stock market for 'New America', especially for dot com and related companies. Schisms in 1920 American Society While America has transcended much of its infamous past, the issues of those days caused major splits in opinions between the supporters and those in opposition. The issues included conflicts of city and country, science and religion, and even issues relating to relationship with the monarchy and modernism. Schisms were the proof of America's multi-racial, multi-cultural fabric and multi-idealistic society. The 'melting pot' of nations was battling for its identity and there was a lot of resistance and disagreements. The Conflict of City and Country The so-called war [of ideas] between 'Old America' and 'New America' was in full throttle about the 1920's. Around 1919 anti-immigrant sentiments, nativism and radicalism were on the rise, mostly directed at the new arrivals from Southern and Eastern Europe. During period, urbanization trends were on the rise among native-born American population. The trends were spurred on because many Americans were now first time owners of automobiles. A drove of individuals from rural America migrated into the cities, and the cities expanded into the rural hinter lands. This shift brought issues between the city and country to the 'front burner' of debates. Yet this split between the rural and urban life was not between two exclusively opposing sides; there was an intertwining relationship. There were small towns with radicals and immigrants citizens, and a majority of people in cities still had ties to the country or were from it. At times the schisms seemed like they would 'destroy' the country. Indeed for many of the rural or city-dwellers the times were apocalyptic. There were no shortages of movements and schools of thoughts 'preaching' Freudianism, Evolutionism, and innumerable other ideas that seemed to be in concert to erase the traditional life or values of 'Old America'. It was also during this period that America initiated

Create your Indiana Geology Discussion Assignment

Create your Indiana Geology Discussion - Assignment Example To be sure, there is the occasional oil spout that just happens, but usually the discovery of oil is the result of painstaking labor on the part of geologists to determine not only where oil lies, but rather or not it exists in a given place in large enough quantities to warrant massive digging and the land destructions that occurs as a result. Most of the oil in Indiana is located in the Southwestern part of the state, and into parts of Illinois and Kentucky. These oil reserves are embedded in sandstone reservoirs that average between 1,000 to 3,000 feet deep. That is some serious digging to be sure. Before digging of that scale can commence, geologists needed to be sure that it would be worth the expense and effort. This is why there was really about 50 years between the discovery of crude oil and the time that Indiana companies began to dig in 1938-1940 (Indiana Government, par. 4). The discovery in Indiana amounted to a total of 900 individual reservoirs located in approximately 500 different fields throughout southwestern Indiana. As mentioned, oil drilling began on a grand scale in 1938 and then began to expand rapidly after that into the Griffin Pool along the Wabash River. These geological features are found in Gibson County. Indiana is ranked 23rd in the United States in terms of crude oil production. While not earth shattering, this amounts to a respectable 1.73 million barrels a year. To protect the geological landscape of the state, and to ensure that environmental safety standards are met and exceeded, Indiana created the Division of Oil and Gas in 1947. They are responsible for making sure laws are followed and they regulate any future oil exploration. The division does employ three petroleum geologists, so the public can rest assured that these people have the states best interests at heart. The chart below, represented by the Indiana Government, is a representation of the oil

Marketing Research Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing Research Proposal - Essay Example 14). With regard to the Hummer, the marketing decision problem is the changing of the market perceptions of the Hummer in order to enhance its performance through increased sales. Notably, the Hummer has been associated with some aspects of personality that do not augur well with its market objectives (Case 1.1, 2012). The core problem should be the devising of the most appropriate marketing strategies that would reverse these perceptions. Market Research Objectives The market research objectives usually relate to the precise reasons that behind the conducting of a particular market research. Basically, these objectives are the fundamental reasons that underpin all marketing research processes of any organization. The market research objectives of the Hummer brand are anchored on the need of finding the most effective strategy that could improve the performance of the Hummer on the market. Specifically, these objectives include the establishing of varieties of the brand to suit the d iverse needs of the market, the seeking of opportunities to increase the volume of sales of the brand, and increasing the market reach and segmentations of the product. Appropriate Research Design This study will adopt an explorative research design. The value of an explorative research design lies in the development of insights into specific aspects that underpin the research problem. It seeks explanations of occurrences, trends, realities, and the nature of things in order to expand the understanding of the research problem. Explorative research designs are comprehensive in nature in the sense that they seek to harness sufficient amounts of information that appertain to the research problem. Generally, explorative research designs are suitable in situations that demand answers for a specified marketing challenge or problem. In the particular case of the Hummer, the explorative research design will be resourceful in providing the most relevant information that might assists the man agement in formulating the most appropriate responses. The explorative research design will also be imperative in finding strategies of expanding their market reach, changing of the prevailing negative perceptions about the brand, and engaging other strategies that are generally necessary for the improving the market performance and brand image of the Hummer. Research methods The most applicable research method for this research is a mixture of both qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative methods will guide the research in clarifying concepts and providing the general framework that would guide the research activity. These methods will be useful in expanding the understanding of the research problems in order to align the process with the authentic needs. Particularly, the research may require the application of the case study approach in order to furnish the study with sufficient insights. Moreover, the study could rely on extended literature about some of the specific aspects of the problem that relate to the objectives of the study. The incorporation of quantitative methods will enrich the study with specific facts that attend to the problem. For instance, the study will benefit from statistics on the various aspects of the research problem, which would help in the provision of solutions based on specifics. Generally, the

Information Systems and Software Applications Essay

Information Systems and Software Applications - Essay Example Marketing Information System (MkIS) implements softwares for the marketing department. It deals with activities related to compilation and investigation of marketing research information. It involves consumer response surveys, analysis of supply and deliverance of the product and an overview of profit. This information helps in marketing related decision-making (Marketing Decision Support System software, MDSS) like what improvements can be done in the product, should the cost be reduced or increased, should it be marketed through other types of media, and etcetera. CRM (Customer Relationship Management) software applications, which deal with the relationship between consumer and organization, â€Å"are used to increase the return on marketing efforts† (Harmon, 2003) through analyzing the history of customer-organization interaction. CRM systems give an analysis of consumer behavior toward the product through market monitoring and research. MkIS also facilitates sales labors a nd customer service and helps in the development of effective marketing strategy. Human Resources Information System (HRIS) implements human resources software applications that deal with â€Å"data entry, data tracking, and data information needs of the Human Resources, payroll, management, and accounting functions within a business† (Heathfield, 2010). HRIS records, manages, analyzes and creates reports relating to all kind of employee information such as enrollment, salaries, vacancies, attendance, vacations, bonuses and other personal information. HRIS integrates with the organization’s payroll and accounting departments for salary calculation. It also deals with applicants, their interviews and selection. (Ajayi & Omirin, 2007, p. 110) where this system is specifically called Decision Support System (DSS). MIS generates reports such as monthly and yearly financial statements,

To what extent to risk ,rewards and motives contribute towards an Essay

To what extent to risk ,rewards and motives contribute towards an entrepreneurs goals - Essay Example In the current era it can be seen it is mostly the motive of growth that is followed. However, such long-term visions or motives cannot be shared at lower level of the organization. Therefore, long-terms objectives are divided into small achievable tasks and goals in order to bring in a sense of achievement. Thus, in order to keep the employees motivated rewards are offered at the completion of the goals assigned, both at an individual and team level (Joanne, et al., 2013). Reward systems hold a strategic importance for an organization. Human resource being an important contributor in the operations and success of the organization often requires some risks to be taken in order to grow, especially entrepreneurs that try to excel with limited resources. Thus strategic management of all these factors risks, rewards and motives is very important for the success and growth of an organization. Contribution of risks in achievement of goals Every project, action or the decision that the mana gement would take definitely has associated intrinsic and extrinsic risks. With growing business competition and globalization of economies the risks are increasing, not only the larger organizations but also for SMEs and entrepreneurs. It is often said â€Å"high risk high return, low risk low return†. Thus, in order to increase profits and operations of a business, entrepreneurs take risks. The important thing is how these risks are managed. Risk management today has become a critical part of the strategic management of an organization. It allows the identification of the risks and events that can hamper the proceedings of the project, as per planning. It even doesn’t allow its successful completion (John, et al., 2005). Identification of risks allows, in advance, to take precautionary measures. Hence, it gives the control to management to exploit the situation. This further gives an advantage to the organization. It is the strength of the strategic management that c an make the risk to be the critical contributing sector in success of the organization; rather than a diminishing factor that would curtail the progress of the organization. Example of a multinational organization such as Walmart can be taken. Walmart used expansion as the growth strategy. They expanded into new markets facing new and extended risks. Pre-identification and analysis of such risks allowed them to exploit the events in their resources, as risk management had given them the opportunity to make better decisions and allowed them optimum use of their resources. Rewards and Motivation Reward and recognition system holds a critical importance in the human resource management of the organization. Employees or personnel are a major factor that decide the output, productivity and growth of the organization. They are the ones who would be converting the ideas and decisions of the management into actions. Management often splits their long-term objectives into short-terms goals a nd assigns tasks to each employee, individually or as a team. However these are the organizational goals that the employees are working for and they might be different than that of personal goals of an employee. It is the responsibility of the management to align the organizational goals with the employee. Hence, they should work for the benefits of both. It can be said that money is a motivational factor. As per Maslow’s need hierarchy theory, it satisfies the basic needs of an individual. However besides rewards, recognition is

Information Systems and Software Applications Essay

Information Systems and Software Applications - Essay Example Marketing Information System (MkIS) implements softwares for the marketing department. It deals with activities related to compilation and investigation of marketing research information. It involves consumer response surveys, analysis of supply and deliverance of the product and an overview of profit. This information helps in marketing related decision-making (Marketing Decision Support System software, MDSS) like what improvements can be done in the product, should the cost be reduced or increased, should it be marketed through other types of media, and etcetera. CRM (Customer Relationship Management) software applications, which deal with the relationship between consumer and organization, â€Å"are used to increase the return on marketing efforts† (Harmon, 2003) through analyzing the history of customer-organization interaction. CRM systems give an analysis of consumer behavior toward the product through market monitoring and research. MkIS also facilitates sales labors a nd customer service and helps in the development of effective marketing strategy. Human Resources Information System (HRIS) implements human resources software applications that deal with â€Å"data entry, data tracking, and data information needs of the Human Resources, payroll, management, and accounting functions within a business† (Heathfield, 2010). HRIS records, manages, analyzes and creates reports relating to all kind of employee information such as enrollment, salaries, vacancies, attendance, vacations, bonuses and other personal information. HRIS integrates with the organization’s payroll and accounting departments for salary calculation. It also deals with applicants, their interviews and selection. (Ajayi & Omirin, 2007, p. 110) where this system is specifically called Decision Support System (DSS). MIS generates reports such as monthly and yearly financial statements,

Peer reviewded Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Peer reviewded - Essay Example The compromise may be in the form of disruption in the performance of duties or personal relationships, or at times may lead to the change of personality of a person. Compassion fatigue exhibits itself in a number of ways through evident signs and symptoms. The most visible sign that a person is suffering from compassion fatigue is the fact that the person is tense and preoccupied with the individual in need of care and his/her disease. Signs that a person is suffering from compassion fatigue may include avoiding or the numbing of the feelings of the caregiver or avoiding certain thoughts or situations of the patient. The caregiver may suffer lapses of memories and may also show a consistent character of being tired despite sleeping for adequate number of hours or, conversely, suffer from insomnia. The caregiver may also start to absent him/herself from work, and other signs may include emotional depletion due to too much caring for the sick and loss of interest in activities that we re enjoyed previously. The caregiver also loses self-esteem, is susceptible to anger, depression and irritability and may find it difficult to find happiness or hope. There is also evident decreased productivity at both the workplace and home. A caregiver should try to avoid the complications that may make him/her suffer from the effects of compassion fatigue. There are many ways of avoiding compassion fatigue, and these are majorly the individual becoming more withdrawn due to the problem or the caregiver choosing to leave the job altogether. The physical, emotional and spiritual needs of the caregiver should be met in order that the person does not suffer from the effects of compassion fatigue. Understanding one’s needs as a caregiver helps one to accept what is happening and may assist in avoiding compassion fatigue. Therefore, being in control of physical needs as a caregiver is important for better healthcare and wellbeing. The caregiver should look after his own health through better nutrition, regular exercise and enough sleep to keep compassion fatigue at bay. Taking care of his/her emotional needs like avoiding instances or events that may lead one to depression should be considered. This can be achieved through referring to previous instances in which the caregiver has endured and coped emotionally. Accepting how one feels and express the feelings, for example, one may reflect on her/his sadness and happiness while at the same time maintaining a sense of humor. Spiritual needs like one’s faith are important for the caregiver and through their consideration, one is able to avoid falling into the trap of compassion fatigue (Ekedahl and Wengstro?m, 2008). This can be relieved by understanding that death is inevitable and occurs at some point in the lifetime of a person. Spiritual needs can be provided by the family, faith or the nature, and the caregiver must be in a position to comprehend the possibility of losing the patient they are tak ing care of. Strategies for Coping with Compassion Fatigue Taking care of oneself as a caregiver increases his/her ability to provide for the person in need of the palliative care. This is because one will be able to handle the increased physical and emotional pressures that the work of care

The main purpose Essay Example for Free

The main purpose Essay Businesses have functional areas so that the business can stay organized. Functional areas are the business broken down in to small areas so it becomes easier for the business to be looked after. The main purpose of functional areas is to ensure that all important business activates are carried out efficiently. if the business is to achieve its aims and objectives. In addition, specific areas will be responsibility for supporting specific types of aims and objectives. (BTEC first 2nd edition business). Functional areas large business organisations like Tate and Lyle divide themselves into different functional areas, this is because they have to be well organised to make all their aims and objectives possible and to make it an even easier place to work so that it can be more productive. There are different teams of people who are split into different functional areas so they are able to make the business operate more efficiently. All of the functional areas arent dependent on each other but have to work closely together for Tate and Lyle to operate. (http://www. coursework. info/GCSE/Business_Studies/Functional_areas_within_business_L65336. html) There are seven different functional areas in a business: 1. Finance 2. Administrations. 3. I. C. T. 4. Marketing. 5. Sales. 6. Research and Development. 7. Customer Services. 8. Human Resources. 9. Disterbution. 10. Production. These are the ten main functional areas in a business. Finance for NHS is given by the government and the government recives money from tax payers. Finance is one of the functional areas in a business. Finace deals with all the money in the flowing through the business. Finance studies and addresses the ways in which individuals, businesses, and organizations raise, allocate, and use monetary resources over time, taking into account the risks entailed in their projects. The term finance may thus incorporate any of the following:   The study of money and other assets   The management and control of those assets * Profiling and managing project risks   As a verb, to finance is to provide funds for business. (http://encyclopedia. thefreedictionary. com/finance). Administration is also a functional area in a business that deals with keeping track of all the transactions that take place. In business, administration consists of the performance or management of transactions and other matters, and the making and implementing of major decisions. Administrator can serve as the title of the General Manager or Company Secretary who reports to a corporate board of directors. This use is archaic. (http://encyclopedia. thefreedictionary. com/Administrations) I. C. T is used in most business to help make paper work easier and makes it easier to keep records. Director General of NHS IT Richard Granger gave some insights into his approach for realizing the aims and objectives set out in Delivering 21st century IT supports for the NHS in June 2002. Referring to the publication, he said that when he started last October he inherited a working paper not an implementation plan. In his view, in the past, NHS ICT-based projects had largely stuck at the features phase, which meant that the NHS rarely got to the benefits stage. He described the pitfall of spending a long time, often years, in the specification phase, which does not allow for the half-life of ICTs. By the time a specification is agreed and a solution procured, technology has moved on and the solution no longer delivers the current requirement. Mr. Granger clearly intends the NHS to get to the benefits stages of all its ICT procurements in the National Programmer for IT. ( http://www. bjhc. co. uk/news/1/2003/6001. htm) Research and Development is also a functiomal area in business. Research and development is done so your bussiness can provide there customers changing needs. Research and development   How to anticipate and adapt to your customers changing requirements. Find out about non-financial schemes and networks to help your business with research and development. * Credits and allowances can reduce your tax bill if you spend money on RD. (http://www. businesslink. gov. uk/bdotg/action/layer? topicId=1073859020) Customer Service Customer service is involved with dealing with customer enquires and certain problem that may arise with complaints, this is customer services comes in and deals with the problem solving of certain things that a customer may face. Good Customer Services = Satisfaction. Good customer service is the lifeblood of any business. You can offer promotions and slash prices to bring in as many new customers as you want, but unless you can get some of those customers to come back, your business wont be profitable for long. Good customer service is all about bringing customers back. And about sending them away happy happy enough to pass positive feedback about your business along to others, who may then try the product or service you offer for themselves and in their turn become repeat customers. (http://sbinfocanada. about. com/od/customerservice/a/custservrules. htm) Customer Service Software Flight deck the way to provide good customer services. What is Good Customer Care, its something that makes your customers Happy to do business with you   Customer Satisfaction, use Flight deck and be amazed how easy it is (http://www. flightdeckcrm. co. uk/customer-service-definition. aspx) Marketing Marketing is all about meeting customres needs. it Is a functional area in a businesses, markiting looks at the four ps wich are prouduct, prise, promotion and place. These are the four ps that the marketing departmant has to look at through the customers eyes. Marketing research research that gathers and analyzes information about the moving of good or services from producer to consumer. Market research is broader in scope and examines all aspects of a business environment. It asks questions about competitors, market structure, government regulations, economic trends, technological advances, and numerous other factors that make up the business environment. (See Environmental scanning. ) Sometimes the term refers more particularly to the financial analysis of companies, industries, or sectors. In this case, financial analysts usually carry out the research and provide the results to investment advisors and potential investors. (http://encyclopedia. thefreedictionary. com/marketing+research) Sales Sales are also a functional area in a business and businesses. Sales are the exchange of a good or a service for money e. g. card, cash and check. Sales, or the activity of selling, form an integral part of commercial activity. It could be argued that it is the cornerstone of business as it is the meeting of buyers and sellers and all other areas of business has the goal of making that meeting successful. Mastering sales is considered by many as some sort of persuading art. On the contrary, the methodological approach of selling refers to it as a systematic process of repetitive and measurable milestones, by which a salesperson relates his offering enabling the buyer to visualize how to achieve his goal in an economic way. (http://encyclopedia. thefreedictionary. com/sales) Human recourses Human recourses are functional areas in a business and it is for the employees (staff) of the business. Human recourses is in charge of recruiting new employees for the business and ensuring that the employee is trained and is suitable for the vacancy available. Human recourses aim to keep good and experienced workers so that business has a low staffs turn over, all employees have needs and expectations, just like customers the business has to look after it staff, this benefits the business because the staff be come more motivated because there needs are being meet. Human resources are the field of personnel recruitment and management. The person employed in a business or organization is staff. The number one glossary suggestion and question that people request is: What is the definition of human resources? William R.Tracey, in The Human Resources Glossary defines Human Resources as: The people that staff and operate an organization as contrasted with the financial and material resources of an organization. The organizational function that deals with the people Long a term used sarcastically by individuals in the line organization, because it relegates humans to the same category as financial and material resources, human resources will be replaced by more customer-friendly terms in the future. (http://humanresources. about. com/od/glossaryh/f/what_hr.htm). Disterbution Disterbution basically is the goods getting diliverd to the right location, right time and in good codition. Disterbution functions   Ensuring all goods are appropriately stored before dispatch   Ensuring goods for dispatch are securely packed and correctly labeled   Checking vehicle loads are safe and secure   Ensuring goods are dispatched at the right time   Checking that all deliveries match orders precisely and notifying sales if there are a discrepancy Completing the delivery document   Planning and scheduling vehicles routes. Notifying sales staff of delivery schedules so that customers can be informed * Dealing with distribution problems e. g. through bad weather or vehicles brake down. (BTEC first 2nd edition business) Production Production is the making of the product or good. production could be one of the flowing Manufacturing, a branch of industry that processes raw materials into finished goods for sale. Production, costs, and pricing, in microeconomics, the act of making things. Mass production, the large-scale production of standardized products using an assembly line. (http://en. wikipedia.org/wiki/Production) NHS functional areas are: Finance Administrations. I. C. T. Research and Development. Customer Services. Human Resources. HMV functional areas are: Finance Administrations. I. C. T. Marketing. Sales. Research and Development. Customer Services. Human Resources. Production. AGRICULITURE farms functional areas are: Finance Administrations. I. C. T. Research and Development. Customer Services. Human Resources. OXFAMS functional areas are: Finance Administrations. I. C. T. Marketing. Sales. Research and Development. Customer Services. Human Resources. Disterbution.

Policy Response to the Mobility Economy

Policy Response to the Mobility Economy The model of transportation as we know it today is poised to make a transformation. This transformation is projected to happen in the next seven to ten years. This transformation will be a complete overhaul of our current understanding of how people and goods transported from one locale to another. The existing model of transportation has become outdated and is extremely inefficient. What we currently term as transportation is evolving into what will be known as mobility. The concept of mobility brings with it a whole new concept of how people and goods are going to moved more efficiently. Sustainability will be the major benefit of this shift in the way we view this model of mobility. This new model shaped by user demand and public policy is responsive to the user. The way policymakers are responding to this new model of mobility is the focus of this paper. Policy Strategies that Create tax incentives to consumers that in effect help manufacturers get their products to market. There is cutting edge technology that is essential for the transformation. How policymakers are responding to the challenges that this technology will bring is also another focus of this paper. Another element that will be crucial for this mobility concept to develop will be the infrastructure needed for a totally connected system of integrated, intelligent transportation systems. How policy makers make the essential infrastructure upgrades will be dependent on funding. What are the possible sources of this funding? Our current transportation model references only the mode of movement. Examples are cars, trucks, commuter trains and buses. The actual act of movement of transporting people or goods from one place to another. The current transportation model is inefficiencient. Inefficiencies include longer commuting times due to traffic congestion and parking difficulties. Public transportation inadequacies. Use difficulties for non-motorized transportation options. The inefficient use and loss of public space. Extremely high maintenance costs. Huge environmental impacts i.e. poor air quality and noise pollution, non-renewable energy consumption. Accidents and safety, heavy land use consumption, problematic logistics for urban freight distribution. Briefly. If looked at from a purely economic standpoint, in 2013 traffic congestion cost Americans $124 billion in direct and indirect losses, this number will rise to $186 billion in 2030. (Robert Mendelsohn, 2007) Poor air quality initially regulated by the Clean Air Act is still causing substantial damage here in the United States. Specifically, ammonia and the five criteria pollutants fine and coarse particulates, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and volatile organic compounds. These contaminants come from the use of fossil fuels; these contaminants cause damages that range from $75 $280 billion annually. (Robert Mendelsohn, 2007) Then there is the issue of noise pollution. This contaminant directly affects the quality of life in a community. How will this new concept of mobility reduce or eliminate these negative externalities produced by the current transportation model? Lets start by defining what is meant by mobility. Mobility will be a consumer or a user-centered concept. See Illustration 1. Mobility will be a reference to the connectivity and the accessibility of how we transport. A system of interconnected vehicles such as hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in electric vehicles (PHEVs), battery electric vehicles (BEVs), fuel cell vehicles (FCEVs) or compressed natural gas vehicles (CNG). These vehicles will have technology that will bring new applications of information technology that will facilitate vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to network communications. The network of connectivity will result in a seamless transportation system. Another element of this new concept of mobility will be fuels. What fuel technology preferred over others. Vehicles connected through a yet to be built infrastructure. Infrastructur e refers to the fundamental facilities and systems serving a country, city or area, including the services and facilities necessary for its economy to function. In this sense, it means the physical components of the interrelated systems that are providing the commodities and services that are essential to enabling, sustaining or enhancing the standard of societal living. An infrastructure upgrade, in turn, will create opportunities for consumers to choose between the modalities that will emerge as our system of mobility begins to form. Modalities such as car sharing, car-hailing, ride sharing, modern jitneys, vehicle autonomy and bike sharing. (MIT Energy Initiative, 2016) A connected system of transport will eliminate waste. Eliminate congestion and the wasted hours of nonproductivity. When vehicles communicate with one another, there will be an increase in safety and a reduction in car crashes. Autonomous vehicles will eliminate the need for large amounts of land use devoted to pa rking and storage of vehicles. Vehicle to network and vehicle to vehicle communication can monitor traffic conditions real time, and alternate routes can be suggested to the user if road capacity is reached. If a road hazard develops vehicle to network communication will alert the network so the appropriate personnel can be dispatched to rectify the problem. Mobility recognizes that transportation products and services must be responsive to the needs, habits, and preferences of consumers. Consumers will shape how these elements of mobility are deployed. Just as important as consumer choice will be public policy. Â   Â   Figure 1 (MIT Energy Initiative, 2016) On the other side of the model with just as much influence on the elements of new modalities, technology, vehicles, fuels, and infrastructure is public policy. Federal, State and local governments have implemented a wide range of policies in recent decades to reduce transportation-related fuel consumption. Policies that set emissions standards to address air quality. Policies that attempt to manage traffic congestion. Now we need policies that will address the challenges that mobility will create. All these policies, and more fall into three major categories: price-based policy, regulatory policy, and policy promoting research and development. The price-based policy is a market-based instrument that uses the market and price to provide incentives to reduce or eliminate negative externalities. In this case, policies that will continue to incentivize the use of alternative vehicle propulsion units and renewable energies. Regulatory policy instruments also called command-and-control; public policy can mandate the specific performance to be achieved. As in the case of emission standards and CAFÉ standards. Regulatory policy can also be used to command and control the technologies to be used. The policy promoting research and development. There are a number of tools that exist currently to do this. These tools include direct funding of government research facilities, grants to university researchers or private-sector researchers, government contracts for specific projects, and tax incentives. However, each of the categories will require decisions to be made about how to structure the specific program. The Federal government has enacted price-based policies and legislations that promote the U.S. market for electric drive vehicles. A new effort has been proposed to support advanced technology vehicle adoption through improvements to tax credits in current law. The Federal government has made significant investments in research and development and competitive programs to encourage communities to invest in the infrastructure supporting these vehicles. Charging stations, busses, street design, light rail, shared ride ordinances giving preferential treatment to shared ride vehicles. Some of the Federal policies that encourage consumers to purchase electric drive vehicles include The Federal Purchase Incentive. Battery electric vehicles and Hybrid electric vehicles purchased in or after 2010 are eligible for a federal income tax credit of up to $7,500.00. The credit varies based the battery used to power the vehicle. Based on (kwh), this credit will begin to phase out to 50% of the full credit amount once the manufacturer has reached 200,000 plug-in electric vehicles (PHEVs), battery electric vehicles (BEVs) sold. The Fixing Americas Surface Transportation (FAST) Act incentive expired December 31, 2016, but will remain posted until the federal tax filing deadline. reauthorized the tax credit for EV charging supply equipment until 12/31/16. If the charging station is considered personal property, the tax credit is the smaller of 30% of the stations cost or $1k; if the charging station is considered business property, the credit is worth the smaller of 30% of the stations cost or $30k. Here in Michigan, there are state policy initiatives that are promoting the use of alternative fuel vehicles that will accommodate the transition to mobility. The Vehicle Inspection Exemption: alternative fuel vehicles are exempt from emissions inspection requirements. The Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment Rebate: Indiana Michigan Power provides rebates of up to $2,500 to residential customers who purchase or lease a new plug-in electric vehicle and install Level 2 electric vehicle supply equipment with a separate meter. Customers must also sign up for the Indiana Michigan Power plug-in electric vehicle time-of-use rate. The rebate is available to the first 250 qualified customers who submit a completed application. Consumers Energy provides qualified customers with a reimbursement of up to $2,500 to cover the purchase, installation, and wiring for qualified Level 2 electric vehicle supply equipment. Plug-In Electric Vehicle Charging Rate Reduction: Indiana Michigan Power, Consumers Energy, and DTE Energy offer a special time-of-use rate option to residential customers who own a qualified PEV. Interestingly, the history of battery powered vehicles. In the late 19th and early 20th century, electric vehicles (EVs) rivaled steam- and internal-combustion-powered cars for outright sales. In fact, in the very early 1900s, more EVs were sold in the US than any other vehicle. They were quiet, did not require drivers to toil with a hand-crank, clutch or gearstick, and limited driving ranges mattered little because they were typically used for short journeys in urban areas. With the advent of widespread oil exploration, the introduction of the electric starter motor and Henry Fords mass-production techniques, internal-combustion cars became cheaper to buy and run, more practical too. As a result, electric mobility spent much of the 20th century consigned to history or the golf course. But during the last seven years electric cars have enjoyed a renaissance, as improved battery technology, the need to reduce vehicle emissions and government incentives combine. The Nissan Leaf, Tesla Model S and Renault Zoe have all appeared during this period. Mercedes and Volkswagen were among the manufacturers that announced all-new commitments to the segment at last Septembers Paris Motor Show. Policy makers will be guided by the need to craft policies that are consistent with larger public goals of clean air, reducing congestion, promoting sustainability, improving livability, promoting the use of renewable energy and noise reduction. With these goals as a guiding force mobility can address each of these issues and virtually eliminate some. The path to developing mobility will be local policy that is focused on livability and sustainability. This focus could result in an acceleration of vehicle electrification technology that will be further enforced by National and global emission standards. Budgets are always the chief concern of local and State governments. State and local governments are doing more with less. An idea may be to create a framework for private entrepreneurs to lead the way constructing the infrastructure that will be necessary for the connection of the mobility system. A network of connected vehicles. We can spend billions on new roads, bridges and light rail to move people and goods. Or, we can make a much smaller investment in the communications technology that allows more vehicles to operate intelligently on current streets and highways. Smart cities of the future will be those that embrace and integrate intelligent transportation systems. Driverless cars may be a long way off; vehicle connectivity is not. (King, 2014) (SUMC), S.-U. M. (MARCH 2016). SHARED MOBILITY AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF PUBLIC TRANSIT RESEARCH ANALYSIS. Chicago, IL: Transit Cooperative Research Program, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, The National Academies. ABRAHAM, J. (FEBRUARY 4TH, 2016). CITY OF DETROIT FROM MOTOR CITY TO MOBILITY CITY. Detroit, MI. Adela Spulber, E. P. (August 2016). The Impact of New Mobility Services on the Automotive Industry. Ann Arbor, Michigan: Center For Automotive Research. Artificial Intelligence, Automation, and the Economy. (December 20, 2016). (p. 55). WASHINGTON, D.C: EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT. Barry, B. (2016, Q4). Leading The Charge. International Journal Of The FIA, Auto, pp. 46-51. Bloomberg New Energy Finance. (October 2016). AN INTEGRATED PERSPECTIVE ON THE FUTURE OF MOBILITY. McKinsey Company. Board, T. R. (2015). Between Public and Private Mobility Examining the Rise of Technology-Enabled Transportation Services. Washington D.C.: Committee for Review of Innovative Urban Mobility Services. Daniel Morchain, S. F. (January 2011). Strategising sustainable urban mobility in EU Neighbour Countries. Guerrini, F. (2014). Traffic Congestion Costs Americans $124 Billion A Year. Forbes. ITDP. (August 2015). Harnessing Shared Mobility for Compact, Sustainable Cities. Jeremiah Owyang, C. T. (2013). The Collaborative Economy. Altimeter Group. MIT Energy Initiative. (2016). Mobility of the Future Examining future changes in the transportation sector. Boston: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Peter Viechnicki, A. K. (2015). Smart mobility Reducing congestion and fostering faster, greener, and cheaper transportation options. Deloitte University Press. Robert Mendelsohn, N. Z. (2007). What do the Damages Caused by U.S. Air Pollution Cost? Washington, DC: Resources for the Future. Scott Corwin, J. V. (2014). The future of mobility, How transportation technology and social trends are creating a new business ecosystem. Deloitte University Press. Sharon Feigon, C. M. (June 2016 ). Shared Mobility and the Transformation of Public Transit. Washington D.C.: National Academy of Sciences. VANHULL, L. (2016). Michigan races to stay in the drivers seat on autonomous vehicle legislation. Crains Detroit Business.

The Hi-Tech Lynching of Celebrities and Politicians :: Essays Papers

The Hi-Tech Lynching of Celebrities and Politicians Lynching, which occurred most frequently in the southern states, resulted in the hanging, mutilation, and death of many blacks at the hands of a powerful white ruling class. While lynchings of this type have not occurred as frequently as in previous decades, it has morphed into a new form, a form that is arguably just as devastating. Instead of unjustly prosecuting blacks, this new form of lynching targets celebrities and politicians and media to accomplish what is commonly referred to as â€Å"hi-tech lynching†. The job of the media is to relay information to a general public. However, bias towards particular persons and issues as well as the desire to garner the most viewers, often results in deceit and misrepresentation. Over time, the media’s initial purpose and goal, to inform the masses, has been lost. In its place, a technology-based lynch mob has emerged, with the lives of celebrities and politicians at its mercy. An alleged late twentieth-century incident of high-tech lynching involved the case of politician, Clarence Thomas. Thomas, appointed to the Supreme Court by President George Bush in 1991, was at the center of media frenzy when law professor, Anita Hill, accused Thomas of sexual harassment. It was Thomas’s word against Hill and though Thomas was confirmed as an associate Supreme Court justice, the lasting implications of the scandal follow both him and Hill to this day Hi-tech lynching has even effected the â€Å"King of Pop,† Michael Jackson. The â€Å"policemen of the electronic age† have been involved in destroying the reputation of Jackson by playing video clips and interviews that mock his personal lifestyle (Koppersmith 1). Various networks feed on ratings, instead of the valued notions of morality. Michael Jackson’s case has become the example of guilty until proven innocent, even though we, as American citizens claim to value due process and equal representation under the law. Black Panther party member, Assata Shakur, is another instructive example of high-tech lynching. In 1973 police arrested Shakur, born JoAnne Chesimard, as an accomplice to the murder of a white state trooper. In her book, Assata: An Autobiography, Shakur chronicles the way she was â€Å"lynched† by the media before the murder trial had even begun: â€Å"Evelyn had brought some newspaper clippings and it was obvious the press was trying to railroad me, to make me seem like a monster.

Fall On Your Knees Essay

* It is the story of James Piper, orphaned child, who becomes a piano tuner. When James was 18, he met Material, 13, and they elope to the close by village. Materia’s family were against her marriage. James then has three daughters, Kathleen, Mercedes, and Frances. James was a good man, but slowly dark side of his nature asserted itself. He serves in France during the Great War to make money. But the war comes to an end. He returns to his family. Kathleen is dispatched to New York City to study opera, she gets pregnant and later finds a lesbian partner. James finds out and brings his daughter back. Soon he is widower and Kathleen dies while giving birth to the twins. Mercedes tries her best to be the mother of Frances and her niece Lily, Kathleen’s daughter. Ambrose, Kathleen’s son is killed by Frances accidentally. Frances goes completely off track and starts doing prostitution to make money for Lily. Frances also gets pregnant and stops prostitution. James dies later on and everything depends on Mercedes since Frances is in a big shock. Later on, Lily goes to New York and Frances dies. Mercedes sends Ambrose, France’s son to New York. * Sacrifices are made by a lot of people in the whole universe for the sake of people who they love. In Ann – Marie Macdonald’s Fall on Your Knees, James and his family sacrifice important things that they desire or want for the sake of their family. Through the use of characterization, symbols and diction, Macdonald shows that healthy sacrifices benefit everyone. Similarly in Hamlet by William Shakespeare, Sacrifice is shown throughout the play for the benefit of self or others that they love or want. This is also shown by Shakespeare by using the above elements, which proves that the sacrifices that are made for the benefit of everyone will lead to the happy ending. Characterization is used to show the decisions that are made for the benefits of other or self. In Fall on Your Knees, people make decisions that benefit others which have huge impact in their life, while in Hamlet, the decisions that are made are for the benefits of self for which someone else has to pay. * There are many characters in Fall on Your Knees that choose to live for the sake of others. One of them is Kathleen. Kathleen is a great singer who poses beauty and singing talent but she has no friends and is not even close to her mother. The only friend that she has is her father. She gave up everything that she could have just for the sake of her daddy. She wants to be singer just because her daddy wants her to be famous, so people can appreciate her talent. â€Å"At first she did it for daddy’s sake† (Macdonald 99). This shows that Kathleen gave up her whole childhood and teenage moments that she could have for herself for the sake of daddy. She never goes anywhere by herself. Later, James sends her to USA to study Opera. And she agrees without even saying anything. * Similarly her sister, Mercedes also sacrifices her educations and her future for the sake of family. Mercedes is a good girl who is taking the role of mother for her sisters. â€Å"Mercedes is so accustomed to doing everything for Daddy’s sake† (299). Mercedes does not tell her father about her dream of going to university. She knows that her father will be all alone if she leaves him. She buries her dream in her heart, so she stays home and takes care of the family. * Similarly in Hamlet, Hamlet sacrifices his future and his love for the sake of his father. He needs to take revenge. Hamlet is always sad and depressed since his father is no more. When he found that his uncle was the murderer of his father, he promised the ghost to take revenge for his father’s death. To accomplish his motive, he gave up the love of his life, Ophelia, so he can have no weaknesses. â€Å"You should not have believed me; for virtue cannot so/ inoculate our old stock but we shall relish of it. I loved you/ not. † (III. 1. 128-130). Hamlet is refusing that he never loved Ophelia. He also used her to confuse Claudius. * Kathleen has never got love from anyone else except her daddy, whose love also changes after coming from war. This causes her to crave for love. The crave for the love leads to many ironies such as her turning into a lesbian and eventually her death. However, this is not same for Mercedes. Even though Mercedes is not pursuing her education any further, she is learning to be a responsible women and she does not marry in the future because she needs to take care of her sisters and her father. She is gaining even though she is giving up something. Whereas, Hamlet’s sacrifice caused Ophelia to not trust Hamlet anymore and later on in the play, that lead to her death. * The other element that has been used is symbolism. Symbolism is used to show what each character has become because of the decisions that they choose to make. In both texts, there are a lot of symbols that represents the characters or the meaning of their life. * In fall on your knees, darkness is used to represent the sacrifices that the characters make without knowing the consequences. They do not know what lies ahead and what the result might be for taking that action. But, they continue to do it because they feel that they need to do it. The other symbol that is used is monster. It is used to represent Materia. It represents Materia because she has become a monster while searching for the happiness of the family. â€Å"Materia saw herself in a clear glass at last and it was Monstrous. † This shows that even she knows that she has turned into a monster. Materia thinks that she is happy without her daughter. She does not want her daughter to come back. She is ready to sacrifice her own daughter for the family’s happiness. This is similar to the monster since monsters are ready to eat their own children to fill their own stomach when needed. The other symbol that is used in the novel is scarecrow. Scarecrow is used to represent the memories that they had in the past. It was made by Materia. James tears it down because he does not want to remember his past since there had been a lot of incidents that have happened in his life. He wants to live without having to remember his past. * Similarly in Hamlet, sponge is used to represent Rosencrantz. Hamlet thinks that Rosencrantz is giving up his friendship to suck up to the King. He feels betrayed by his own friend. He calls Rosencrantz a sponge when he says â€Å"Besides, to be demanded of a sponge! † (IV. . 12). Since, he has become a messenger that acts as a carrier of messages and spills it in front of King, Rosencrantz collects all the information like a sponge collects water and spills it in front of a king, similar to how water spills off the sponge when it is squeezed. * In Fall on Your Knees, Materia meets her consequences when she was finally able to love Kathleen. She has to sacrifice Kathleen just so the twins can see the new world. As well as James lived a happy life in the future where he didn’t had to think about his past and died in peace. Similar to Materia, Rosencrantz is sent to England where he is to be executed with his friend, Guildenstern, as soon as he reaches there. * The last element that is used is diction. Diction is used to show the consequences of the sacrifices that are made by the characters for their benefit, where someone else pays the price of their sacrifice, or for the benefit of someone else, where they pay the price by themselves. The choices of their decisions give the characters several names in the both texts. * James is a widower. He has to take care of mother less children since his wife died. He needs to make money in the Great Depression time, so he does things that give him bad name. People in the town say â€Å"Mercedes’ father [James] was a bad man. A bootlegger. A scab. An enemy of this town† (232) He makes and sells illegal liquor in the town that gives him bad reputation. He is being called a â€Å"bootlegger†, â€Å"scab† and â€Å"enemy of the town† because of the illegal business that he does. But he does not care about what the other people say, because he needs to make money to support his family financially. He sacrifices his reputation in the town for the sake of family. Similarly, the business that Frances does is not giving her a good reputation that she wants. She becomes everything of Lily, her niece, whom she calls sister. Frances blames herself for Lily being disabled. She wants to make money for her, so she starts selling herself and becomes a stripper because she thinks that is the fastest way to make money. She becomes so bad that Camille calls her â€Å"The slut who lives only to dishonour the memory of poor Materia. † (316). This shows that Frances has been selling her stuff that she got bad reputation in the town. She does all this because she feels as if this is needed to do for the sake of Lily, since Frances thinks that Lily might need these money in future. * Similarly in Hamlet, Polonius does everything that he can to suck up to the King, no matter what happens. He is even ready to sacrifice his own daughter, Ophelia. This is one reason why hamlet calls him â€Å"Excellent well; you are a fishmonger† (II. 2. 190). Polonius is called a â€Å"fishmonger†, because he can sacrifice his own daughter to curry the King as much as he possibly can. He does this just to show how much he can be trusted. This keeps on hurting Ophelia and causes her to go through more pain even though Polonius is considered a trustable person by the king. * James dies without even having any friend because whatever he does for his family is affecting everyone in the town which makes the people in town hate him more. Similarly, Frances is never loved by anyone except Mercedes and Lily. At the end, the money comes to use of Lily, but to earn that money; Frances had to go through a lot of pain. Similarly, Ophelia goes through a lot of pain since she was being used by her father to curry the king. This attitude of sucking up to the King decides Polonius’s destiny and he gets killed. * In conclusion, there are a lot of different decisions that affect the whole novel later on. While some of them are good choices, some of them are bad that they decide to do for the sake of someone or self. This is shown by the use of narrative elements such as characterisation, symbolism and diction, which all show the choices that they made and the result of those choices. Even though we all make decisions and sacrifices in our life, one will learn whether the sacrifices that they made were worth of making or not after the sacrifice has been made.